OZUNA LEARNING RESOURCES CENTER / LIBRARY

MLA Citation Style, 6th ed.*

Your Works Cited List

This list, alphabetized by authors' last names, should appear at the end of your essay. It provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any sources you cite in the essay. Each source you cite in the essay must appear in your works-cited list; likewise, each entry in the works-cited list must be cited in your text.

Basic Rules: Authors' names are inverted (last name first); if a work has more than one author, invert only the first author's name, follow it with a comma, then continue listing the rest of the authors. The first line of each entry in your list should be flush left. Subsequent lines should be indented one-half inch. This is known as a "hanging indent." All references should be double-spaced. Capitalize each word in the titles of articles, books, etc. (This rule does not apply to "a," "an," "the," or to conjunctions, unless they are the first word of the title or subtitle.) Underline titles of books, journals, magazines, newspapers, and films.

BOOK EXAMPLES:

Fee, Elizabeth, and Daniel M. Fox, eds. AIDS: The Burdens of History.

Berkeley: U of California P, 1988.

---. AIDS: The Making of a Chronic Disease. Berkeley: U of California P,

1992.

Grossberg, Lawrence, Cary Nelson, and Paula A. Treichler, eds. Cultural

Studies. New York: Routledge, 1992.

Hall, Stuart, et al. Policing the Crisis. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1979.

"The Shepherd's Consort." The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed.

M.H. Abrams. 4th ed. Vol. 1. New York: Norton, 1979. 2 vols.

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--The authors' names should be given as they are on the title page of the text, in the order they appear.

--If the names of editors, translators or compilers appear on the title pages, then a comma should come after the last name to appear in the entry and the proper abbreviation (eds., trans., or comps.) should follow the comma.

--If an author or authors have their names on more than one text, check to see if the authorship of both texts is identical. If--and only if--the authors are in fact identical, then the listing for the second entry should be replaced with: three hyphens and a period.

--If no author can be identified, then a text is alphabetized by the first word of its title, excluding articles (like "the" and "a").

--Each part of the entry is followed by a period and two spaces.

--When other information is required, you will generally arrange it in the following order with a period and two spaces after each additional item: Author's last name, first name. Title of a part of the book. Title of the book. Name of the editor, translator, or compiler. Number of the edition used. Number(s) of the volume(s) used. Name of the series. Place of publication: name of publisher, date of publication. Page numbers. Other bibliographic information and annotation.

PERIODICAL EXAMPLES:

Gardner, Eric. "'This Attempt of Their Sister': Harriet Wilson's Our

Nig from Printer to Readers." New England Quarterly 66 (1993): 226-46.

Magistrale, Tony. "Wild Child: Jim Morrison's Poetic Journeys." Journal

of Popular Culture 26.3 (Winter 1992): 133-44.

Whitaker, Mark. "Getting Tough at Last." Newsweek 10 May 1993: 22.

____________
--Listings for periodicals break down into two general categories--those for scholarly journals and those for magazines. The following is a general listing for a scholarly journal:

Author's last name, Author's first name. "Article Title." Journal Title. Volume Number (Date): page numbers.

--If the journal is part of a series, the series number/name goes before the volume number. If the journal uses only issue numbers, the issue number goes in place of the volume number. The following is a general listing for a magazine:

Author's last name, Author's first name. "Article Title." Magazine Title. Date: page numbers.

--Note that volume numbers are not listed for magazines. The article title is placed in quotation marks, and periodical titles should be underlined.

--Continuous pagination means that all of the issues of one volume have consecutively numbered pages; thus the first issue of the volume might contain pages 1-145 and the second issue of the volume might contain pages 146-290, etc. Note that with this type of journal (see the Gardner citation above), the issue number is not necessary, and that the year is sufficient for the date.

--Non-Continuous Pagination means that each issue within a volume begins with page 1. Note here (see the Magistrale citation above) that the volume number (26) is followed by a period and then by the issue number (3); note also that the date is more specific than simply the year.

--The Whittaker citation is an example of a weekly periodical (magazine).

ELECTRONIC RESOURCE EXAMPLES:

Burka, Lauren P. "A Hypertext History of Multi-User Dimensions." MUD

History. 1993. 5 Dec. 1994. <http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/1pb/mud-

history.html>.

Franke, Norman. "SoundApp 2.0.2." 29 Apr. 1996. E-mail to the author.

3 May 1996.

Yarup, Robert L. "Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury." Explicator

55(1996):34. Literature Resource Center. Gale Group. Ozuna

Learning Resources Center. San Antonio. 17 Feb. 2004.

. [example of library subscription database]

_________
--To cite files available for viewing/downloading via the World Wide Web by means of Lynx, Netscape, or other Web browsers, provide the following information: (1) the author's name (if known). (2) "Title of the message." (3) Message. (4) Description of message that includes the recipient. (5) the full http address (URL) enclosed within angle brackets. (6) the date of the message.

--To cite electronic mail (E-mail) correspondence, provide the following information: (1)the author's name. (2) the author's e-mail address, enclosed in angle brackets. (3) the subject line from the posting in quotation marks. (4) the date of publication. (5) the kind of communication (i.e., personal e-mail, distribution list, office communication). (6) the date of access (when you visited it).

HANDLING REFERENCES IN YOUR TEXT (Parenthetical Citations):

Freud states that "a dream is the fulfillment of a wish" (154). Some argue that "a dream is the fulfillment of a wish" (Freud 154). The Romantic poets demonstrate a concern with the fleeting nature of life: "'My name is Ozymandias, king of kings: / Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!' / Nothing beside remains" (P.B. Shelley, "Ozymandias" ll. 10-12); and "The flower that smiles to-day / To-morrow dies" (P.B. Shelley, "Mutability" ll. 1-2).

___________
--the author's last name and the page number(s) from which the quote is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear in your works-cited list

--if more than one author has the same last name, it is necessary to provide the author's initials (or even her or his full name if different authors share initials) in your citation. If you cite more than one work by a particular author, it will be necessary to include a shortened title for the particular work from which you are quoting.

--To indicate short quotations (fewer than four typed lines of prose or three lines of verse) in your text, enclose the quotation within double quotation marks and incorporate it into your text. Provide the author and specific page citation (in the case of verse, provide line numbers) in the text, and include a complete reference in the works-cited list.

--Place quotations longer than four typed lines in a free-standing block of typewritten lines, and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line, indented one inch from the left margin.

*Examples and instructions taken from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/files/33.html (Purdue University) and http://www.english.uiuc.edu/cws/wworkshop/mlamenu.htm (University of Illinois). For more information, see the MLA Handbook. The call number is LB 2369 .G53.

A.Bolton-Brownlee & C.Glass, 10/2006

Colby Glass, MLIS