Operating Definitions and Guidelines for Writing - Methods of Development
Classification (and Division)

1. What is classification?
The method of development in which the writer sorts plural things into categories according to a dividing principle.
Its essential elements are:

    • Division (occurs first): The method of development in which the writer separates a single subject into its parts to support a point in an essay. (Division indicator words: grade one, level #, stage #, part #) The categories are first set up.
    • Then, classification takes place: the items are pigeonholed into the slots where they belong.

2. Why do writers use classification?

To break an overwhelming amount of information down into manageable parts.
3. How can writers and readers recognize classification when they see it?
  • One of these indicator words or a form of it will occur in the thesis and topic sentences.
    • The first type
    • The second kind
    • The last category
    • Can be sorted
    • Can be divided
    • Can be classified
    • The next level
    • Another group
  • Look for the simplest classification system: binary. Things are sorted out into those

1.) with a certain distinguishing feature, and

2.) those without it.
  • Look for objects being sorted
  • Look for a principle according to which they are being sorted.

4. How does one write a classification essay?

a. Determine a useful purpose and a specific group of people who can benefit from having this information.

b. Examine the objects, decide how to divide them, then state it explicitly:  

(Identify object) _____ can be divided according to _____ .

c. Organize the body paragraphs according to the categories using the transition words in #3 above.

d. Compose a paragraph for each category identifying and describing the items that fit in it in specific terms.

e. Decide what the reader is supposed to learn from looking at the categories and state it in the thesis pattern below.

5. How does the thesis pattern for classification go?

State the thesis in the following pattern: Dividing _____________ (objects) into ________, _________, __________, and __________ (categories) according to ________________________ (principle of division) shows that _______________ (inference).

6. How can one practice recognizing classification thinking?
In outside reading (not English or reading textbooks), look for examples of paragraphs or essays which divide and sort, and make note of the characteristic elements. Look also for examples in film.

An Example and Outline for Classification Writing

If you’re assigned a classification essay, think through these ideas: in what area of your life do you see a useful classification system? Who can benefit from knowing about it and why? An outline for a classification essay goes as follows:

I. Introduction that uses a college-level strategy, states how the subject came up, features a thesis stated in the prescribed pattern, and identifies the audience who can benefit from knowing this information.

II. The Body

A. Type 1

B. Type 2

C. Type 3...

III. Conclusion