Use the outline below to structure your final essay.  Please note that you will have to elaborate/explain the various elements of the outline, i.e., you  will have to "write to" the outline.  Also note that you will be required to site contemporary events which illustrate the points that you are making.  You need not site the title of any particular article, but simply "write up" what you know.

I.  Introduction

Write an introduction, which addresses the principles, articulated by Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence, the government created by the Articles of Confederation and the separation of authority in the U.S. Constitution.

II.  The Presidency

A. The constitutional authority of the president.

1. Executive Role
    a. Execute the law.
        In Re Neagle
        United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp.
    b. Appointments.
    c. NYT Example

2. Commander-in-Chief.
    a. Civilian Leadership.
    b. Waging War.
    c. War Powers Act.
    d. Funding the war.
    e.  NYT Example

3. Legislative Role.
    a. Veto.
    b. State of the Union Message/Budget Message
    c. Presidential leadership.
    d. NYT Example

4. Foreign Affairs.
    a. Treaties.
    b. Executive Agreements.
    c. United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp.
    d.  NYT Example

B. Structure of the Presidency.

1. The Man.
2. The Presidency:  An Institution
    a. The Executive Office of the President.
        1.White House.
            White House Counsel
            Chief of Staff.
            Press Secretary
            Office of Staff…e.g., legislative liaison, policy, politics.
            National Security Advisor
       2. Office of Management and Budget.
       3. National Security Advisor/National Security Council.
       4. Council of Economic Advisors

3. The Government

    a. The Cabinet Departments and Executive Agencies
    b. Independent Regulatory Agencies
    c. Functions of Government
        1.  Regulatory
        2.  Programmatic
        3.  Payments to Individuals/Income Redistribution
        4.  Revenue sharing with States

4.  How does the President control?

    a.  decisions
    b.  executive orders
    c.  appointments
    d.  the law
    e.  appropriations
    f.  rulemaking

5. NYT Example

II.  Congress

A. The Constitutional Authority of the Congress.

1. Enumerated Powers.

2. Commerce Clause
    Gibbons v. Ogden/Hammer v. Dagenhar/
    National Labor Relations Board v. Jones and Laughlin Steel

3. Necessary and Proper Clause
    McCulloch v. Maryland

4.  Limits on Congress
    Checks and Balances:  The president and courts.
    Political limits:  Can do vs will to do.
    Bill of Rights

4. NYT Example

B. Organization of Congress.

1. Bicameral
2. Party
3. Leadership
4. Committees
5. Individual Congressmen
6. NYT Example

III.  The U.S. Courts

A. The constitutional authority of the courts under the Constitution.

1. Authority of the federal courts over state government.
    a. McCulloch vs Maryland: The supremacy clause.
    b. The 1789 Judiciary Act.

2. The Authority of the federal courts over national government.
    a. Marbury v. Madison

B. The structure of the courts.

1. The hierarchy and function of the courts.
    a. State/Federal
    b. Federal
    c. Function

2.  The Law
    a. State/Federal
    b. Common Law
    c. Civil Law
    d. Criminal Law
    e. Public Law

3. The role of the Supreme Court.
    a. Civil Liberties
    b. Civil Rights

4. NYT Example
 

V.  Conclusion