Madras to 19th century

Chronology: Antiquity to 19th century *

Coromandel Coast / Madras Events

Global Events

Aryan migrations to the Deccan	500 BCE—	-	— 326 BCE	Alexander crosses the Indus River
Apostle Thomas said to have landed on Malabar Coast	52 CE—		— 1st CE	*Periplus Maris Erythraei*
Greco Roman Traders (Arikamedu coin hoard evidence Roman trade "station" along the Coromandel coast)	1st CE— 1st to 400CE—		— 1st CE — 313 CE	Later Han dynasty Red Sea port graffiti traders from Tamil Constantine
Rise of Pallavans	400 CE —		— 589-618	Sui dynasty
Pallavans, followed by the Cholas, rule over region	4th - 13th CE—		— 712 — 800	Islam expands to India Charlemagne's Empire
Chola Kingdom decline	1267 CE —		— 1196-1270 — 1206 — 1206-1290 — 1250	Crusades to the Holy Land Mongols unite under Chinggis Khan Delhi Sultanate Mamluk dynasty in Egypt
Marco Polo visits region Muslim penetration of south India Vijayanagar Kingdom ( Temple builders) Zheng He on Coromandel coast	1288, 1293 — 1311 — 1300s-17th C — 1420s—		— 1271 — 1279 — 1324-25 — 1325-69 — 1 400 — 1453 — 1405-33	Marco Polo travels to East Asia Yuan dynasty Mansa Musa pilgrimage to Mecca Ibn Battuta travels the Islamic World Constantinople falls to Ottomans Zheng He's voyages from China
Portuguese settle near Mylapore - settlement later Santhome	1522 —		—1520 —1521 —1599	Ottoman sultan Suleyman Hernan Cortes conquers the Aztecs East India Company established in England
English establish factory at Machilipatnam EIC establishes factory in Surat Francis Day receives grant of 3 sq miles of land 2 mi north of San Thome from Venkatadri Nayak to erect trading post	1611— 1626— 1639—		—1600 —1602 —1619 —1630-50 —1637	Queen Elizabeth grants EIC India trade monoply Tokugawa Ieyasu and unification of Japan VOC founded Dutch found Batavia in Java Building of Taj Mahal in Agra, India Japanese expel European Missionaries
"Black Town," a settlement of weavers and other natives, established and name Chennaipatnam used here Co., authority visits Raya and confirms the Nayak's grant Madras conflict with Golconda	1640— 1645— 1657-70—		—1644 —1658-1707	Ming Dynasty falls to Qing Aurangzeb expands Mughal Empire
French East India Co. founds Pondicherry St. Mary's Church built in Ft. St. George	1674— 1680—		—1683 —1687	Ottomans defeated at ViennaIssaac Newton's Principia Mathematica
Mosque built in Black Town New Fort House built in inner citadel St Mary's Charity School founded, first Western style school in India	1692— 1694— 1715—		—1701-50	Asante state expands in Africa
	1—		—1722-73	Safavid empire under assualt
	1—		—1765	British establish Company rule in India
	1674—		— 1 776	Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations American Revolution
	1—		— 1787 — 1788 — 1789	Mozart composes Don Giovanni First European settlement in Australia French Revolution begins
	1700—		— 1790 — 1791 — 1792 — 1793 — 1794	Samuel Slater's textile mill opens, US Slaves Revolt in Haiti Olympe de Gonge's Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen Mary Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Women Eli Whitney invents cotton gin France abolishes slavery
Spice Gardens in Tinnevelly District 922 Nutmeg plants arrive from Moluccas, yielding for first time in 1811	1798—		— 1796-1804	White Lotus Rebellion, China

* Based on chronological information in Muthiah, S., Madras Rediscovered: A Historical Guide to Looking Around, (Chennai, 1999), and Kalpana, K. and Frank Schiffer, Madras: The Architectural Heritage (Chennai, 2003).

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