Madras to 21st century

Chronology: 19th century to the present *

Madras/India Events

Global Events

Madras population aprox. 200,000 First canal cut from Madras north to Lake Ennore	1801— 1806— 1—	-	—1804 —1807	Independence of Haiti Slave trade ends in Great Britain
	1808—		—1808	Slave trade ends in United States
College of Ft. St. George established	1812—		—1810-25 —1814-15	Wars of Independence in Latin America Congress of Vienna
	1821—		—1821	Republic of Liberia founded
	1823— 1825—		—1824 —1825 —1829 —1833	Thomas Raffles founds Singapore First rail line in England Mexico abolishes slavery Great Britain abolishes slavery Factory Act (England) restricts employment of women and children
	1844— 1847—		—1839-42 —1843 —1848	Opium Wars Treaty of Nanjing France abolishes slavery Karl Marx's Manifesto of the Communist Party
	1—		—1850-64 —1851	Taiping rebelion, China Crystal Palace exhibition in London
	1853— 1853—		—1853 —1853-77	Commodore Perry arrives in Japan Livingston, Speke, and Burton expeditions in Central Africa
	1—		—1857	Indian sepoy uprising
	1—		—1858 —1859	Direct British rule in India Transatlantic cable Charles Darwin's Origin of Species
	1 —		—1861 —1861-65 —1862 —1866 —1867 —1868 —1869 —1871 —1870s	Emancipation of Russian Serfs American Civil War French conquer Indochina Italy unified Diamond discovery in South Africa End of transatlantic slave trade Creation of Dominion of Canada Meiji Restoration in Japan Suez Canal Opens Germany unified Henry Morton Stanley expedition to find Livingston King Leopold II directs Belgium expansion in Congo
Indian National Congress Founded	1885— 1—		—1882 —1885 —1886 —1894-95 —1899-1900 —1899-02	British invasion of Egypt Berlin West Africa Conference Discovery of gold in Transvaal Sino-Japanese War Boxer Uprising (China) South African (Boer) War
British partition of Bengal Indian National Muslim League founded	1905— 1906—		—1904-05 —1905 —1904-14 —1910-20	Russo-Japanese War Revolution of 1905 in Russia Building of Panama Canal Mexican revolution
WW I, 1.3 million Indian soldiers and laborers serve Massacre at Amritsar, Punjab Montague-Chelmsford Reforms	1914-18— 1919—		—1912 —1914 —1917 —1918-21 —1919	Collapse of Qing dynasty World War I Bolshevik Revolution - Russian Civil War Treaty of Versailes ends WWI - Dissolution of German, Austro-Hungarian, & Ottoman empires May Fourth Movement (China)
Gandhi visits Madras, urges Hindus & Muslims to unite for common cause	1921—		—1922 —1924 —1928	Ottoman sultan deposed Republic of Ireland established Mussolini and fascists march on Rome Mustafa Kemal leads Turkey to nationhood Chiang Kai-shek becomes leader of China
Madras Public Services Commission	1929—		—1929 —1932 —1933 —1937 —1939-45 —1944 —1945-49 —1947	Great Depression begins Japan annexes Manchuria Hitler comes to power in Germany Japan invades China WW II World Bank & IMF established Nationalists fight Communists in China India & Pakistan gain independence
	1—		—1948-49 —1948 —1949 —1950-53 —1950s-60s —1954 —1956 —1958-61 —1960 —1961 —1962 —1966 —1968	Arab-Israeli War Apartheid begins in South Africa NATO alliance formed Communist victory in China Korean War African nations gain independence Vietnamese defeat French Egypt nationalizes the Suez Canal Company Suez Crisis Uprising in Hungary China's Great Leap Forward Creation of OPEC Cuban Missile Crisis Construction Berlin Wall China's Cultural revolution Prague Spring
			—1973 —1975 —1979 —1979-89 —1980-88 —1981 —1986	Arab-Israeli War Arab oil embargoUS Defeat in Vietnam Fall of Saigon Revolution in Iran Soviet war in Afghanistan Iran-Iraq war Identification of AIDS Chernobyl nuclear accident (USSR)
	1—		—1989	Berlin Wall falls Tiananmen Square demonstrations (China)
Madras becomes Chennai~ population appx. 5 milion	1— 1— 1997—		—1990 —1991 —1995 —1997	Germany reunited Civil war in Rwanda (Africa) Dissolution of Soviet Union Gulf War (Middle East) Fourth World Conference on Women (Beijing) Transfer of Hong Kong to PRC World population at 6 billion
Indo-Pak border crisis	1— 2002—		—2000 —2001 —2003	Human genome decoded Civilian airliners crashed into World Trade Center and Pentagon (U.S.) Afghanistan/US conflict -Taliban regime ends Second Gulf War

Overview | Geography | Antiquity |Company Town | Imperial City
Chennai | Chronology 1 |Chronology 2 | Readings | Links

* Based on chronological information in Muthiah, S., Madras Rediscovered: A Historical Guide to Looking Around, (Chennai, 1999),
and Kalpana, K. and Frank Schiffer, Madras: The Architectural Heritage (Chennai, 2003).

The initial development of this website is made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) 2002 Summer Institute at the University of Pennsylvania, and The United States Department of Education, Fulbright-Hays Seminars Abroad Program, India’s Cultural Heritage, Contemporary Concerns, and Challenges for the New Millennium, 2003. The website contents are reviewed regularly for accuracy and timeliness. As with many Web Pages, these are often "under construction" to reflect the continuous changes in the web and in current information. Your patience is appreciated.
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© 2002 Carol A. Keller and San Antonio College History Department. Graphics by Mary Ann Emerson. All rights reserved.