Radio

Radio


Historical Perspective of Radio

The organization of a broadcast station  


For glossary of radio terms, click here.


FLASH -- Who needs all that blab and gab?

San Antonio listeners -- particularly those in the advertiser-beloved age group 25-54 -- have given a hearty thumbs up to what's essentially a jukebox on the radio. The new KTFM which, for months, has been largely without commercials and disc jockeys but is packed with dance, R&B and Motown tunes from the '70s and '80s, hit a homer in its first ratings book.

On the flip side, the city's gab Goliath, news talk station WOAI, fell down the ratings ladder with every major audience age group. It still ranks ahead of KTSA, but the gap has narrowed tremendously.

KBBT-FM (the Beat) holds on to its No. 1 status wit the general audience (ages 12 and older, Monday through Sunday, 6 a.m. to midnight) and also scored with its target listeners, 18-34.

KISS, which finished second with the 18-34 crowd, did manage to outscore KBBT with its morning show with John Lisle and Steve Hahn.

Other winners include KONO and KAJA, which made the top three with general listeners and with those between 25-54. -- May 5, 2005 San Antonio Express-News


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Unique qualities of radio
  • only medium based primarily on music. This may be changing with the popularity of video music stations in the enlarged cable setup and satellite radio.
  • specialized around musical tastes, lifestyles.
  • saturation widespread ’ about 99.4 percent.
  • least expensive medium to receive.
  • most important medium in Third World nations around the world through the Voice of America.
  • It is an effective tool in propaganda, such as Hanoi Hannah during the Vietnam Conflict and Axis Sally and Tokyo Rose during World War II.
  • easy to use while engaged in other activities.
  • least formal/most personal
  • main medium in a disaster..
  • most flexible medium for advertising. Click here for old-time radio advertising.
  • potentially fastest medium to cover news ... not always interested in news, however.
  • highest youth appeal.
  • poetic/stimulates imagination.
  • easy to target by gender.
  • segments audience for advertisers.
  • provides good source for immediate weather and traffic information.
  • allows audience participation games and other gimmicks.

  • Historical highlights of radio

  • 1901 Marconi sends trans-Atlantic wireless signal.
  • 1919 Radio Corporation of America formed among Westinghouse, General Electric and A T & T.
  • 1920 first commercial station formed in Pittsburgh, KDKA.
    Click here to hear famous-old time weekly radio shows.
  • 1926 Networks formed; between this year and 1934, four networks will be in operation.
  • 1933 President Franklin D. Roosevelt initiates "fireside chats" to American people.
  • 1934 Communications Act establishes Federal Communications Commission to regulate airwaves. Here are current FCC rules on the following:
    Obscenities
    Station Identification and Call Signs

  • 1938 "War of the Worlds" broadcast frightens millions.
  • 1939 first FM station goes on air in New Jersey. Television makes debut at World's Fair in New York.
  • 1941 "Mayflower Decision" prohibits editorializing by broadcasters.
  • 1941-45 The War Years.
  • Hear samples of the Golden Age of Radio
  • 1950 TV begins to pull viewers away from radio; advertisers follow.
  • 1960s New formats introduced.
  • 1970s Talk/news radio introduced.
  • 1980sFM radio most important/AM goes stereo (but doesn't catch on very well).

    Formats

  • All-talk/news
  • Ethnic-oriented
  • Classical
  • Country and Western most popular format in number of stations
  • Middle of the Road includes album-oriented rock, soft rock
  • Religious
  • Shock Radio from Howard Stern to Lisles and Hahn.
  • Top-40 includes rock 'n' roll
  • Jazz
  • College/alternative
  • Click here for Texas radio stations

  • Click here for non-commercial radio stations
  • Click here for Radio-Television News Directors Association Ethics
  • Types of stations
  • Commercial
  • State-run
  • Public
  • Shortwave
  • Educational
  • Community
  • Special-interest
  • Pirate
  • Click here for radio stations around the world

    Cllick here for Measuring the Audience:

  • Arbitron and Nielsen are the major rating services. Arbitron, the most popular service, is taken four times a year.
  • The measurements are taken in dayparts, and they dictate what the station can charge for advertising at any given time of the day. Also, the measurement can tell advertisers who the audience is demographically.
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    News and Features Information Many stations simply cannot afford news and features. Other stations tailor their news and features to their particular target audience. For example, radio station KISS may have news about rock groups and features about things of interest to rock 'n' roll fans.

    The news report

    This report includes an opening lead, which may be sound only. Then, the reporter uses actualities or sound bites to flesh out the story just as direct quotes would in print. Answers all questions (who, what, when, where and why) but not in the lead. In a continuing story, the reporter must give a brief bit of background about what has happened. The continuing story will end when the event has ended and all questions have been answered.

    The feature report

    This type of information does not necessarily depend on a quick deadline; the feature may include music; it concentrates on word play, puns, humor, human interest; it may include natural or ambient sounds; should have quotes that build the story in a natural way. The ending should be as carefully planned.


    Check here for jingles and more . Click here for the Museum of Television and Radio

    Click here for the Poynter Broadcast Journalism Bibliography

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    Last updated July 8, 2004

    Chester F. "Chet" Hunt and San Antonio College 2004.
    San Antonio College is a college of the Alamo Community College District.