WRITING   &   RESEARCH   GUIDES
- Avoiding Gender Bias in Pronouns
St. Cloud State University has compiled a resource to help the writer avoid "biased language can cause your reader to focus on how you say something rather than what you say."
- Common Errors in English
Geared for anyone wanting to improve writing skills, this source provides an alphabetic listing of common errors found in English writing and pronunciation.
- Elements of Style
The online version of William Strunk's classic source offers information on elements of composition, rules of usage, and commonly misspelled words.
- Guide to Grammar and Writing
Created specifically for English classes, this web site includes "online lessons," materials divided by writing level, and an "Ask Grammar!" section.
- Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary - Thesaurus
This site enables searches for both word definitions and synonyms through the M-W Collegiate Dictionary and the M-W Collegiate Thesaurus. For other online dictionaries, consult the Dictionaries section of the Virtual Reference Desk web site.
- On-Line English Grammar
Compiled for both general and ESL students, this resource contains "Practice Pages" for English language exercises and " a "Grammar Clinic" for questions and answers.
- Using Appropriate Language
The Purdue University Writing Lab summarizes the general guidelines on "levels of language formality, deceitful language and Euphemisms, slang and idiomatic expressions; using group-specific jargon; and biased/stereotypical language."
- Using Gender-Sensitive Language
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill reviews the concept of gender bias and explains some of the important elements that can be used in writing a "gender-sensitive" report.
Style Guides: APA, ASA, CBE, MLA, Turabian
- APA Online: Electronic Sources
APA Style.org presents various web and other online resources formatting information excerpted from the 5th edition of the APA Style Manual.
- APA Style Guide
This University of Southern Mississippi ( USM ) guide illustrates the proper American Psychological Association (APA) style for citing WWW and print sources.
- ASA Style - American Sociological Association Style Guide
Compiled by the E. H. Butler Library at Buffalo State (SUNY), this source "is intended for students who are instructed by their professors to use 'ASA style' when writing research papers."
- CBE Citation Guide
This Ohio State University Libraries resource is based on the Scientific Style and Format: The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers.
- Citation Guide - Turabian
This Concordia University guide provides citation examples based on the 1996 edition of Kate Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations.
- MLA Style - How do
I document sources from the World Wide Web in my works-cited list?
This Modern Language Association of America site includes the only MLA authorized citation guidelines available on the Internet.
- MLA Style Guide
This University of Southern Mississippi web site includes proper MLA-style citation format for print and Internet sources.
- Modern Language Association ( MLA ) Style
The Monroe Community College Libraries have compiled a comprehensive listing of examples of "in-text" and "reference list" MLA style citations for various research sources.
- A Quick Style Guide for Students Writing Sociology Papers
"Intended as a quick reference for students preparing papers," this web resource provides information drawn from the 1997 edition of the American Sociological Association Style Guide .
- Turabian Style Guide
This University of Southern Mississippi "tip sheet" includes Turabian style bibliographic citations for the most commonly used print and WWW sources.
- Using CBE Style to Cite and Document Sources
The Bedford / St. Martin's Press offers this source for writers in the natural sciences
that denotes how to style and format papers for publication in scientific journals.
Comprehensive / General Style Guides
- Online! Citation Styles Index
This all-in-one site provides sample APA, CBE, Chicago, and MLA
style citations for the various types of sources found on the web .
- Research & Documentation Online
Diana Hacker's web source shows documentation styles for writing in the humanities, social sciences, history, and sciences. It includes sample papers written in the MLA, APA, Chicago, and CBE writing styles.
- SOURCES - Their Use and Acknowledgement
Dartmouth College presents side-by-side samples of APA and MLA citation styles.
- Uncle Sam - Brief Guide to Citing Government Publications
Released by the Regional Depository Library at the University of Memphis, this source contains samples of Chicago / Turabian citation styles for the various types of U. S. government publications.
San Antonio College Library Subscription Databases
- American Heritage Book of English Usage
Part of the Great Books Online series, this web source allows the user to search for grammar concepts using a drop down menu selection of "American English."
- Cambridge Dictionary of American English
This online dictionary contains clear definitions and examples for the current usage of various words and phrases.
- The Columbia Guide to Standard American English
Billed as "the ideal handbook of language etiquette," this resource provides some 6,500 entries with detailed examples of proper Standard American English usage.
- Writing Tips ( Edited American
English )
Written as a general guide for English students, Dr. Wylene Rholetter of Auburn University offers some useful advice for writers of research papers.
- The Analytical Essay
This University of Massachusetts Writing Program resource defines an analytical essay and provides a quick overview of its key components.
-
Annotated Bibliography
As part of the Writer's Handbook, this page provides information on the content, writing style, and different types of annotations used to compile an annotated bibliography.
- Application Essay
The U-W Madison Writing Center has compiled a detailed profile of how to submit an application, with brainstorming ideas, FAQs, and useful writing tips.
- Argumentative Essays
This web site explores the key essential elements of argumentation, including proposition statements, pro & con analysis, and the different types of argumentative appeals.
- Biography Maker
This Bellingham Schools web site guides students through a logical approach to writing biographical papers.
- Business Writing see Workplace Writers
This OWL (Online Writing Lab) guide to business writing includes letters of application, cover letters, resumes, and other business correspondence.
- Cause and Effect
Part of the Online Research and Learning Center sponsored by the Gale Group, this web guide outlines the basics of writing cause and effect paper with examples of possible topic areas.
- Comparison / Contrast Essays
As part of the LEO: Literacy Education Online database, this site provides a basic overview of how to write effective comparison / contrast essays.
- Critical Reviews
This Writer's Handbook page focuses on how to write a critical review of a book or article.
- The Definition Essay
This LEO web site provides a simple, quick, easy to follow guide to writing a "definition" essay.
- Developing a Thesis Statement
Another Writer's Handbook excerpt, this site has simply written, easily understandable instructions on constructing an effective thesis statement.
- Developing an Introduction: The Top-Down Model
This LEO source illustrates a model for composing effective introductory statements.
- Developing an Outline
This OWL guide focuses on constructing and using an outline in the term paper process.
- Division and Classification
After explaining what division and classification essays are, this Gale Group resource provides information on how to write each type and includes suggested topic areas.
- Guide to Writing a Basic Essay
This self-help source describes the fundamental parts of an essay and explains how to write each section.
- Guidelines on Preparing a Philosophy Paper
Associate Professor James Pryor of Princeton University has developed a comprehensive, easy to use resource for writing philosophy research papers.
- Guides to Writing Business Letters
The Colorado State University resource reviews the basics of writing business letters and provides examples of the most commonly used types.
- Is it a Magazine or a Journal?
Minnesota West Libraries have set up a quick, easy-to-use web page that shows the differences between a magazine article and a journal article.
- Laboratory Reports
The University of Toronto's Engineering Communication Centre has compiled a detailed guide on how to prepare effective laboratory reports.
- Narration
This Gale Group resource focuses on different types of narratives, explores the use of flashbacks, flash forwards, and dialogue, and includes a useful "narration checklist."
- Paragraphs and Topic Sentences
This Writing Tutorial Services resource discusses paragraph structure, providing information on developing coherence with examples of useful transitional devices.
- Personal Statements and Application Letters
Part of the WTS pamphlet series, this resource explains the basics of writing personal statements to accompany letters of application for jobs, internships, etc.
- Plagiarism - What
It is and How to Recognize & Avoid It
This WTS web page focuses on what plagiarism is and how to avoid it in writing a research paper.
- Poetry Explications
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's Writing Center highlights the essential elements used to analyze poetry and describes the explication process.
- Primary or Secondary Source?
This Minnesota West Libraries guide includes an excellent description of both primary and secondary sources, focusing on their key differences.
- Proofreading for Common Surface Errors...
This WTS guide explains how to proofread a research paper with detailed discussions of grammar, punctuation, spelling, etc.
- Proposal Writing
- Guide for Writing A Funding Proposal
By combining writing hints with detailed examples, Dr. S. Joseph Levine of Michigan State University has prepared an easy to use primer on the funding proposal process.
- Proposal Writing Short Course
Helping fulfill the Foundation Center's goal of "promoting public understanding of the field and
helping grant seekers succeed," this site includes the basics of proposal writing.
- A Questioning Toolkit
This excerpt from the online journal, From Now On, discusses the various types of questions that can be asked during the writing process and includes various examples of these questions.
- Quoting and Paraphrasing
This Writer's Handbook source includes an overview of the proper methods for quoting and paraphrasing sources in a research project.
- Reading, Writing, and Researching for History
The Bowdoin College History Department has prepared a comprehensive guide specifically geared to the writing process as it applies to historical research.
- Resume Writing
As part of the Career & Job Finding Resources link, this section includes excellent resources for writing resumes and cover letters.
- Scientific Reports
This Writer's Handbook web site presents a detailed description of how to
research, format, and compose a scientific report, including useful "tips" on what to avoid in these reports. See also the Sample Lab Report Assignment.
- Sentence Construction
This OWL section reviews the basics of sentence construction, noting
types of clauses, common errors, and punctuation.
- Speeches
Compiled by the UNC Writing Center, this guide presents an excellent overview of planning, researching, drafting, and delivering an effective oral presentation.
- Strategies for Writing a Conclusion
Another LEO extract, this web page reviews the basic approaches to composing an effective concluding section.
- Taking an Essay Exam
This Writing Center resource focuses on successful techniques for preparing, analyzing, and completing essay exams.
- Ten Prewriting Exercises for Personal Narratives
Traci Gardner has devised a quick overview of the key elements to be included in writing a personal story or narrative.
- Tutorial on the Problem Solving Process
This resource features a step-by-step guide on how to organize and conduct a problem solving project.
- Writing A Process Essay
Part of the LEO database, this source demonstrates the basic steps in writing a "process" paper.
- Writing a Story
This POWA web site takes the novice writer through a step-by-step approach to composing and editing a basic story.
- Writing About... These Texas & M University online resources provide basic checklists for various writing projects.
- Writing Abstracts
This LEO web site explains what an abstract is and shows how to write a basic abstract.
- Writing An Analytical Essay
This Immaculate Heart Academy PowerPoint resource guides the student through the entire process step-by-step.   NOTE:
Click each PowerPoint screen to view the more detailed information.
- Writing Guidelines for Engineering and Science Students
Using various sample documents, the University of Vermont teaches students how to compose lab reports, presentation slides, posters, correspondence, etc.
- Writing Papers of Literary Analysis
Western Michigan University's Seamus Cooney provides an easy to follow "game plan" for critical writing on literary topics.
- Writing with Statistics
Aimed at student researchers, this OWL site includes basic definitions, examples of charts / tables, and other general hints on the effective use of statistics.
- Duhaime's Online Legal Dictionary
Compiled by the Canadian law firm of Duhaime and Company, this online dictionary contains concise, clearly written definitions of common legal terms.
- Introduction to Basic Legal Citation
Peter W. Martin of the Cornell Law School presents an excellent overview with links to various examples and sample citations.
- Law School Web Sites for Legal Writing
Professor Colleen Barger has published a listing of various web sources issued by various United States law schools.
- Reading Legal Citations
Part of Boston College Law School's award winning series, this guide includes easy to understand information on legal citations.
- Search Engines
    Drawn from diverse web sites such as Media Awareness Network, SNN Newsroom, and Young People's Press,     the following resources provide detailed information and descriptions of various newspaper writing styles, story     types, and other essential journalism writing techniques.
    The following web sources include series of user guides and online handouts that provide instruction in the various aspects of     report writing. Since the "How to" Sources... pages above were found at the university web sites shown below, consult these     writing center hyperlinks for additional tutorial assistance and other topics useful in the writing process.
  "Writing & Research Guides" is best viewed with the Internet Explorer browser. Comments on this document may be emailed to   John Deosdade at:   jdeosdade@mail.accd.edu
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