Gardner Chapter 21

 15th-Century Italian Art
(revised 8/08)
   VOCABULARY AND IMAGES
Linear Perspective
     horizon line
     vanishing point
     orthogonal
     transversal

Foreshortening

Aerial Perspective

PAINTING TERMS 

Tempera panel painting: Gesso, Pigment, 
Binder: Egg yolk 

Fresco painting: Sinopia, Intonaco, Giornate 
Binder: wet lime plaster 

Humanism 
Neoplatonism   
oculus
chiaroscuro

SCULPTURE TERMS 

low-relief  (bas-relief)
high-relief 
sculpture-in-the-round 

lost wax technique (cire perdue)

contrapposto 
equestrian portrait 

ARCHITECTURE TERMS 

         Oculus 
         Pietra Serena 
         Arch
         Vault (Barrel, Groin) 
         Rustication 
         Dome 
         Drum 
         Column 
         Capital
         Classical Orders:
                Doric
                Ionic
                Corinthian 
         Pilaster 
         Coffer 
         Nave 
         Transept 
         Aisle 
         Entablature 
         Cornice 
         Pediment 
         Rib 
         Basilica 

   
SCULPTURE

Nanni di Banco (c. 1385-1421) 

Four Crowned Martyrs, c. 1410-13, Orsanmichele, Florence 
       http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/html/n/nanni/banco/index.html 

Ghiberti (1381? - 1455) 

*Gates of Paradise (East Doors), Baptistry of San Giovanni, 
    Florence, 1425-52    http://www.artchive.com/artchive/G/ghiberti/gates_of_paradise.jpg.html
            Detail: Jacob and Esau, East Door panel 

Donatello (Donato di Niccolo Bardi) (c. 1386-1466)

*David, after 1428 
             http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/html/d/donatell/1_early/david/index.html 
St. Mark, Or San Michele, Florence, 1411-13 (marble)
     http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/html/d/donatell/1_early/orsanmic/index.html

Equestrian monument of Erasmo da Narni (Gattamelata), Piazza del Santo, Padua, 1443-53 
      http://www.artchive.com/artchive/ftptoc/donatello_ext.htm
 

PAINTING     
INTERNATIONAL STYLE

Gentile da Fabriano (c. 1385-1427)

*Adoration of the Magi, 1423 
       http://cgfa.sunsite.dk/f/p-fabrian2.htm

RENAISSANCE STYLE 

Masaccio (Maso di Ser Giovanni di Mone Cassai (1401-29?) 

Trinity with the Virgin, St. John the Evangelists, and Donors, c. 1425(?) 
       http://www.artchive.com/artchive/M/masaccio.html

*Tribute Money, Brancacci Chapel, Florence, c. 1427 [with Masolino (c. 1400-1447?)] 
  http://www.christusrex.org/www2/art/brancacci.htm

Andrea del Castagno

Last Supper, Sant'Apollonia, Florence, 1447, fresco

Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510) 

*Birth of Venus, c. 1484-86 
       http://metalab.unc.edu/wm/paint/auth/botticelli/venus/venus.jpg

Pietro Perugino (Pietro Vannucci) (c. 1445-1523) 

 Delivery of the Keys to St. Peter, Sistine Chapel, Vatican, Rome, 1482 
       http://sunsite.auc.dk/cgfa/perugino/p-perugin7.htm

Andrea Mantegna (1431-1506) from Padua 

Camera Picta, Ducal Palace, Mantua, 1465-74 (Gonzaga Family) 
       http://sunsite.auc.dk/cgfa/mantegna/p-mantegn5.htm
       http://sunsite.auc.dk/cgfa/mantegna/p-manteg15.htm

*Dead Christ, c. 1501 (tempera/canvas)
     http://sunsite.dk/cgfa/mantegna/p-manteg16.htm

Piero della Francesco (c. 1406/12 - 1492), worked in Florence

Flagellation of Christ, oil & tempera/wod, c. 1455-65
      http://www.artchive.com/artchive/P/piero.html

ARCHITECTURE

Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446)

*Cathedral of Florence (Duomo); dome 1417-36; lantern compl. 1471 
       http://web.kyoto-inet.or.jp./org/orion/eng/hst/renais/fiore.html 
       http://galileo.imss.firenze.it/news/mostra/4/e43.html 
       http://galileo.imss.firenze.it/news/mostra/4/e42.html

San Spirito,Florence, begun c. 1436

*Pazzi Chapel, Sant Croce Church, Florence, c. 1440-61
http://www.columbia.edu/imaging/html/browsers/connors/NYDA93-F150.html

Michelozzo di Bartolommeo (1396-1474) 
*Palazzo Medici Riccardi, Florence, beg. 1444 
       http://web.kyoto-inet.or.jp./org/orion/eng/hst/renais/medici.html

Leon Battista Alberti (1404 - 1472) 

Palazzo Rucellai, Florence, 1455-70 

Sant'Andrea, Mantua, designed 1470; built after Alberti's death) 
       http://web.kyoto-inet.or.jp./org/orion/eng/hst/renais/andrea.htm

 
CHAPTER REVIEW QUESTIONS
1.  What new Renaissance innovations are evident in Ghiberti’s East Doors of the Baptistery (fig. 21-10 & 11)?  What did he revive from ancient art?

2.  In what ways is the sculptural work of Donatello influenced by the art of antiquity (ancient Greece and Rome)?

3.  How do the architectural designs of Filippo Brunelleschi, Michelozzo di Batolommeo, and Leon Battista Alberti borrow from and invent upon the architecture from earlier periods (ancient and medieval)? (Choose one architect to discuss.)

4.  Define the International Style traits of Gentile da Fabriano's Adoration of the Magi Altarpiece (fig. 21-17).

5.  What new ideas and innovations did Masaccio (fig. 21-18, 19 & 20), Botticelli (fig. 21-27 & 28) and Mantegna (21-47, 48 & 49) bring to the art of Italian Renaissance painting (discuss each artist separately)?