CHAPTER 22
BEAUTY, SCIENCE, AND SPIRIT IN ITALIAN ART:
THE HIGH RENAISSANCE AND MANNERISM


1.  Read the chapter.  Visit the Borghese Gallery in Italy and view some of the best art of the High Italian Renaissance and Mannerist art.   View this site on Raphael's School of Åthens.
2.  Define, then remember, the following words:
 
sfumato
contrapposto
Mannerism
illusionistic painting
genre
pastoral

3.  Be able to discuss the following issues and ideas:
  • Explore the changing status of artists in the Renaissance through the ideas of Alberti, Michelangelo, and others as presented by Giorgio Vasari (see pages 613-617).
  • What were the social, religious, and design issues in the building of 'new' St. Peter's?  Consider the artists/architects involved, such as Bramante and Michelangelo as well as others later (see pages 619-620).
  • Examine 'Counter-Reformation' issues in the depiction of Christ and other religious imagery.  (See pages 634-635 and the inset on page 636).
  • Consider the history and role of women as artists and as patrons during the Renaissance.  (See the inset on page 647).
  • Explore the 'role of color' in Venetian art, why and how this is different from other art in the Renaissance (see pages 638-643).
  • What are the elements of Mannerist painting and how are these displayed in the art?  (See pages 649-652).  

4.  Be able to recall and discuss the following works of art:
  • See Virgin of the Rocks (page 615) and the Mona Lisa (page 618) both by Leonardo da Vinci.  Explain how Leonardo da Vinci used subtle atmospheric perspective and sfumato to the fullest advantage in these paintings.
  • Examine The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci (see page 616).  Explain why Leonardo's Last Supper is so different from earlier versions and why the work has become "the rhetoric of classical art the directed the composition of generations of artists."  Side Issue:  explore issues of restoration (see inset on page 628).
  • Tempietto, designed by Donato D'Angelo Bramante (see page 620).  Why is the small Tempietto so important to the architecture of the Renaissance?
  • Michelangelo's David (see page 622).  How does David embody Michelangelo's belief that "measure and proportion should be kept in the eyes" and his insistence of the artist's own authority?
  • Creation of Adam, detail from the ceiling painting of the Sistine Chapel, by Michelanglo Buonarotti (see detail on page 626, plus other ceiling paintings on pages 625-627).  Explore Michelangelo's ideas of the presentation of the human figure.
  • Philosophy (School of Athens) by Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio) is one of the four images of the Stanza della Segnatura that "sums up Western learning as Renaissance society understood it."  (See page 629).
  • Madonna of the Meadows by Raphael (see page 631).  What pictorial devices does Raphael use to "unify Christian devotion and pagan beauty?"
  • Venus of Urbino by Titian (Tiziano Vecelli) (see page 646).  In addition to color, space, and placement of forms, how does Titian's Venus inspire generations of painters? 
  • Identify 'Mannerist elements' by comparing the painting Venus, Cupid, Folly, and Time by Bronzino (see page 650) with the sculpture Abduction of the Sabine Women by Giovanni da Bologna (see page 653).
  • The Villa Rotonda by architect Andrea Palladio (see page 659) and San Giorgio Maggiori (see page 659) by Palladio.  How do both structures exemplify 'classical architectureal theory' and 'rational organization' in High Renaissance architecture? 

5.  Follow these links to look at art of the Renaissance:

    a)  Tour seven Palladian Villas!  With music!!
    b)  Learn about the Vitruvian Man!
    c)  Explore the paintings of the Sistine Chapel ceiling at the Vatican.
    d)  Here's a basic tour of the Louvre Museum in Paris, France!
 


6.  Write a one page report that responds to one idea/issue/work of art from #3 or #4
above.  Send your report through the LISTSERV.   See  the Schedule for date due.
Detail from the Sistine Chapel ceiling
7.  Provide a thoughtful response to someone else's report through the LISTSERV.  Join in the discussion -- remember that your participation counts toward your
grade!  See the Schedule for date due. Here's something else that will count as extra credit toward your grade:  find the "companion piece" to the "School of Athens."  What is it?  Where is it?  Send the URL, please, and a good image to ME (not to the LISTSERV!)
Page Updated 7/15/08
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Copyright M. Hoover and San Antonio College, 2001.  All rights reserved.