• What effect did the Reformation have on religious imagery in art? (See pages 666-667 and the inset on page 667 in the textbook).
• Explore formal and Renaissance architectural vocabulary of the French chateaux (See pages 676-687).
• Examine the artistic ways secular appearing images met the spiritual obligations of the Reformation.    (See pages 679-680).
• Review the lives and works of female artists of the Northern European countries.  (See pages 680-681).
  

• Examine the closed Isenheim Altarpiece by Matthias Grunewald (see page 668).
• Examine the woodcut The Last Supper (see page 669) and the engraving Knight, Death, and the Devil   (see page 672) by Albrecht Durer.  How did Durer, both in his graphic art methods and in his allegorical imagery, expand Northern Renaissance ideals?
• The French Ambassadors by Hans Holbein the Younger (see page 674).  What pictorial devices does this painting use to "allude to the growing tension between secular and religious authorities?"
• How does Money-Changer and His Wife by Quinten Massys (see page 680) demonstrate a balance of the secular and the spiritual?
• What concepts of the landscape and human activities depicted in art can be seen emerging in Hunters in the Snow by Pieter Bruegel the Elder (see page 683).
• The Escorial, designed by Juan de Herrera (see page 685).  What makes the design of the Escorial unique in Spanish and European architecture?
• The large painting The Burial of Count Orgaz by El Greco (Domenikos Theotokopoulos) (see page 686) is usually described as "Spanish Mannerist."  How does this painting characterize the artist as a portraitist, colorist, and expressive artist?

    a)  Visit the Prado Museum in Madrid, Spain, and see the art of El Greco.  Site is available in Spanish.
    b)  Explore "Sculpture and Decorative Arts of the Spanish Renaissance."
    c)  Examine architecture in Spain, including examples of 'plateresque' work.
    d)  Visit the Chateaux of France, including Chambord and Fontainebleu.